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Jun 25, 2024
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Abstract
Myocardial bridging (MB) is a congenital coronary anomaly where segment of the epicardial coronary artery traverses through the myocardium for a portion of its length. While traditionally regarded as a benign condition, there is a growing focus on specific subsets of MB associated with ischemic symptoms and requires treatment. Increasing attention is being given to specific subsets of MB associated with ischemic symptomatology. The emergence of modern functional and anatomical imaging techniques; coronary angiography, coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA), instantaneous wave-free ratio (iFR), dan diastolic fractional flow reserve (dFFR), has improved our capacity to characterize symptoms associated with MB. In cases involving symptomatic patients, medical therapy often represents an effective treatment option. For individuals who do not respond satisfactorily to medical interventions, comprehensive multimodal assessment; percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), coronary artery bypass graft (CABG), and myotomy should be considered.
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This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
How to Cite
Nurudinulloh, A. I., & Widito, S. (2024). Myocardial Bridging: In-Depth Review of Coronary Anomalies. Jurnal Klinik Dan Riset Kesehatan, 3(3), 177-190. https://doi.org/10.11594/jk-risk.03.03.5
References
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13. Achenbach S. Coronary CT angiography-future directions. Vol. 7, Cardiovascular Diagnosis and Therapy. AME Publishing Company; 2017. p. 432–8.
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15. Zhou F, Wang YN, Schoepf UJ, Tesche C, Tang CX, Zhou CS, et al. Diagnostic Performance of Machine Learning Based CT-FFR in Detecting Ischemia in Myocardial Bridging and Concomitant Proximal Atherosclerotic Disease. Canadian Journal of Cardiology. 2019 Nov 1;35(11):1523–33.
16. Gawor R, Kuśmierek J, Płachcińska A, Bieńkiewicz M, Drożdż J, Piotrowski G, et al. Myocardial perfusion GSPECT imaging in patients with myocardial bridging. Journal of Nuclear Cardiology. 2011;18(6):1059–65.
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18. Siciliano M, Migliore F, Piovesana P. Stress echocardiography pattern: A promising noninvasive test for detection of myocardial bridging with haemodynamic relevance. Journal of Cardiovascular Medicine. 2016 Dec 1;17:e208–9.
19. Corban MT, Hung OY, Eshtehardi P, Rasoul-Arzrumly E, McDaniel M, Mekonnen G, et al. Myocardial bridging: Contemporary understanding of pathophysiology with implications for diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. Vol. 63, Journal of the American College of Cardiology. Elsevier USA; 2014. p. 2346–55.
20. Doenst T, Haverich A, Serruys P, Bonow RO, Kappetein P, Falk V, et al. PCI and CABG for Treating Stable Coronary Artery Disease: JACC Review Topic of the Week. Vol. 73, Journal of the American College of Cardiology. Elsevier USA; 2019. p. 964–76.
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22. Zhang JZ, Zhu GY, Zhang Y, Bai LJ, Wang Z, Zhang JZ. Myocardial Bridge Bypass Graft: A Novel Surgical Procedure for Extensive Myocardial Bridges.
23. Wang H, Pargaonkar VS, Hironaka CE, Bajaj SS, Abbot CJ, O’Donnell CT, et al. Off-Pump Minithoracotomy Versus Sternotomy for Left Anterior Descending Myocardial Bridge Unroofing. Annals of Thoracic Surgery. 2021 Nov 1;112(5):1474–82.
24. Hemmati P, Schaff H V., Dearani JA, Daly RC, Lahr BD, Lerman A. Clinical Outcomes of Surgical Unroofing of Myocardial Bridging in Symptomatic Patients. In: Annals of Thoracic Surgery. Elsevier USA; 2020. p. 452–7.
25. Maeda K, Schnittger I, Murphy DJ, Tremmel JA, Boyd JH, Peng L, et al. Surgical unroofing of hemodynamically significant myocardial bridges in a pediatric population. Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery. 2018 Oct 1;156(4):1618–26.
26. Alsoufi B. Do not miss the bridge. Vol. 156, Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery. Mosby Inc.; 2018. p. 1627–8.
27. Ji Q, Shen JQ, Xia LM, Ding WJ, Wang CS. Surgical treatment of symptomatic left anterior descending myocardial bridges: myotomy vs. bypass surgery. Surg Today. 2020 Jul 1;50(7):685–92.
28. Bockeria LA, Sukhanov SG, Orekhova EN, Shatakhyan MP, Korotayev DA, Sternik L. Results of coronary artery bypass grafting in myocardial bridging of left anterior descending artery. J Card Surg. 2013 May;28(3):218–21.
2. Tarantini G, Migliore F, Cademartiri F, Fraccaro C, Iliceto S. THE PRESENT AND FUTURE REVIEW TOPIC OF THE WEEK Left Anterior Descending Artery Myocardial Bridging A Clinical Approach. 2016.
3. Rajendran R, Hegde M. The prevalence of myocardial bridging on multidetector computed tomography and its relation to coronary plaques. Pol J Radiol. 2019;84:e478–83.
4. Sternheim D, Power DA, Samtani R, Kini A, Fuster V, Sharma S. Myocardial Bridging: Diagnosis, Functional Assessment, and Management: JACC State-of-the-Art Review. Vol. 78, Journal of the American College of Cardiology. Elsevier Inc.; 2021. p. 2196–212.
5. Uusitalo V, Saraste A, Pietilä M, Kajander S, Bax JJ, Knuuti J. The Functional Effects of Intramural Course of Coronary Arteries and its Relation to Coronary Atherosclerosis. 2015.
6. Gould KL, Johnson NP. Myocardial Bridges: Lessons in Clinical Coronary Pathophysiology*.
7. Lee BK, Lim HS, Fearon WF, Yong AS, Yamada R, Tanaka S, et al. Invasive evaluation of patients with angina in the absence of obstructive coronary artery disease. Circulation. 2015;131(12):1054–60.
8. Rogers IS, Tremmel JA, Schnittger I. Myocardial bridges: Overview of diagnosis and management. Congenit Heart Dis. 2017 Sep 1;12(5):619–23.
9. Ye Z, Lai Y, Yao Y, Mintz GS, Liu X. Optical coherence tomography and intravascular ultrasound assessment of the anatomic size and wall thickness of a muscle bridge segment. Catheterization and Cardiovascular Interventions. 2019 Feb 15;93(S1):772–8.
10. Teragawa H, Oshita C, Ueda T. The Myocardial Bridge: Potential Influences on the Coronary Artery Vasculature. Vol. 13, Clinical Medicine Insights: Cardiology. SAGE Publications Ltd; 2019.
11. Tarantini G, Nai Fovino L, Barioli A, Schiavo A, Fraccaro C. A Clinical Approach to Diagnosis and Treatment of Left Anterior Descending Artery Myocardial Bridge [Internet]. Vol. 2, J Lung Health Dis. 2018. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/
12. Yamada R, Tremmel JA, Tanaka S, Lin S, Kobayashi Y, Hollak MB, et al. Functional versus anatomic assessment of myocardial bridging by intravascular ultrasound: Impact of arterial compression on proximal atherosclerotic plaque. J Am Heart Assoc. 2016 Apr 1;5(4).
13. Achenbach S. Coronary CT angiography-future directions. Vol. 7, Cardiovascular Diagnosis and Therapy. AME Publishing Company; 2017. p. 432–8.
14. Sternheim D, Power DA, Samtani R, Kini A, Fuster V, Sharma S. Myocardial Bridging: Diagnosis, Functional Assessment, and Management: JACC State-of-the-Art Review. Vol. 78, Journal of the American College of Cardiology. Elsevier Inc.; 2021. p. 2196–212.
15. Zhou F, Wang YN, Schoepf UJ, Tesche C, Tang CX, Zhou CS, et al. Diagnostic Performance of Machine Learning Based CT-FFR in Detecting Ischemia in Myocardial Bridging and Concomitant Proximal Atherosclerotic Disease. Canadian Journal of Cardiology. 2019 Nov 1;35(11):1523–33.
16. Gawor R, Kuśmierek J, Płachcińska A, Bieńkiewicz M, Drożdż J, Piotrowski G, et al. Myocardial perfusion GSPECT imaging in patients with myocardial bridging. Journal of Nuclear Cardiology. 2011;18(6):1059–65.
17. Samady H, Molony DS, Coskun AU, Varshney AS, De Bruyne B, Stone PH. Risk stratification of coronary plaques using physiologic characteristics by CCTA: Focus on shear stress. Vol. 14, Journal of Cardiovascular Computed Tomography. Elsevier Inc.; 2020. p. 386–93.
18. Siciliano M, Migliore F, Piovesana P. Stress echocardiography pattern: A promising noninvasive test for detection of myocardial bridging with haemodynamic relevance. Journal of Cardiovascular Medicine. 2016 Dec 1;17:e208–9.
19. Corban MT, Hung OY, Eshtehardi P, Rasoul-Arzrumly E, McDaniel M, Mekonnen G, et al. Myocardial bridging: Contemporary understanding of pathophysiology with implications for diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. Vol. 63, Journal of the American College of Cardiology. Elsevier USA; 2014. p. 2346–55.
20. Doenst T, Haverich A, Serruys P, Bonow RO, Kappetein P, Falk V, et al. PCI and CABG for Treating Stable Coronary Artery Disease: JACC Review Topic of the Week. Vol. 73, Journal of the American College of Cardiology. Elsevier USA; 2019. p. 964–76.
21. Moreno PR, Stone GW, Gonzalez-Lengua CA, Puskas JD. The Hybrid Coronary Approach for Optimal Revascularization: JACC Review Topic of the Week. Vol. 76, Journal of the American College of Cardiology. Elsevier USA; 2020. p. 321–33.
22. Zhang JZ, Zhu GY, Zhang Y, Bai LJ, Wang Z, Zhang JZ. Myocardial Bridge Bypass Graft: A Novel Surgical Procedure for Extensive Myocardial Bridges.
23. Wang H, Pargaonkar VS, Hironaka CE, Bajaj SS, Abbot CJ, O’Donnell CT, et al. Off-Pump Minithoracotomy Versus Sternotomy for Left Anterior Descending Myocardial Bridge Unroofing. Annals of Thoracic Surgery. 2021 Nov 1;112(5):1474–82.
24. Hemmati P, Schaff H V., Dearani JA, Daly RC, Lahr BD, Lerman A. Clinical Outcomes of Surgical Unroofing of Myocardial Bridging in Symptomatic Patients. In: Annals of Thoracic Surgery. Elsevier USA; 2020. p. 452–7.
25. Maeda K, Schnittger I, Murphy DJ, Tremmel JA, Boyd JH, Peng L, et al. Surgical unroofing of hemodynamically significant myocardial bridges in a pediatric population. Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery. 2018 Oct 1;156(4):1618–26.
26. Alsoufi B. Do not miss the bridge. Vol. 156, Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery. Mosby Inc.; 2018. p. 1627–8.
27. Ji Q, Shen JQ, Xia LM, Ding WJ, Wang CS. Surgical treatment of symptomatic left anterior descending myocardial bridges: myotomy vs. bypass surgery. Surg Today. 2020 Jul 1;50(7):685–92.
28. Bockeria LA, Sukhanov SG, Orekhova EN, Shatakhyan MP, Korotayev DA, Sternik L. Results of coronary artery bypass grafting in myocardial bridging of left anterior descending artery. J Card Surg. 2013 May;28(3):218–21.