CPET: Overview and the Use in Cardiac Failure Patients
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.11594/jk-risk.01.2.5Keywords:
Cardiopulmonary Exercise Test, Anaerobic Threshold, peak VO2, Heart FailureAbstract
Cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET) is a non-invasive modality used to assess a person's exercise capacity. An assessment of the gas exchange mechanism that occurs in the breath-to-breath stage of respiration will describe gas exchange at the cellular level. Monitoring of gas exchange is a parameter in assessing abnormalities that cause disruption of aerobic metabolic processes in the body. These parameters in CPET assist clinicians in sorting and assessing the factors that cause dyspnea or fatigue during activity, whether disorders on the respiratory system, cardiovascular system, or muskuloskeletal side. In addition, CPET is also a modality in determining the prognosis and feasibility of heart transplantation in clients with heart failure. Peak VO2 assessment 14 mL/kg/min gave a better picture of cumulative survival in heart failure patients, and O2 pulse 10 mL/beat showed better event-free survival.
Downloads
References
PERKI. Pedoman Uji Latih Jantung: Prosedur dan Interpretasi. Perki 53 (2016).
Milani RV, Lavie CJ, Mehra MR, Ventura HO. Understanding the basics of cardiopulmonary exercise testing. Mayo Clin Proc. 2006;81(12):1603-1611. doi:10.4065/81.12.1603
Arena R, Myers J, Williams MA, et al. Assessment of functional capacity in clinical and research settings: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association Committee on Exercise, Rehabilitation, and Prevention of the Council on Clinical Cardiology and the Council on Cardiovascular Nursing. Circulation. 2007;116(3):329-343. doi:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.106.184461
Taylor C, Nichols S, Ingle L. A clinician's guide to cardiopulmonary exercise testing 1: an introduction. Br J Hosp Med (Lond). 2015;76(4):192-195. doi:10.12968/hmed.2015.76.4.192
Toma N, Bicescu G, Enache R, et al. Cardiopulmonary exercise testing in differential diagnosis of dyspnea. Maedica (Bucur). 2010;5(3):214-218.
Balady GJ, Arena R, Sietsema K, et al. Clinician's Guide to cardiopulmonary exercise testing in adults: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2010;122(2):191-225. doi:10.1161/CIR.0b013e3181e52e69
Albouaini K, Egred M, Alahmar A, et al. Cardiopulmonary exercise testing and its application. Postgrad Med J. 2007;83(985):675-682. doi:10.1136/hrt.2007.121558
Gibbons RJ, Balady GJ, Bricker JT, et al. ACC/AHA 2002 guideline update for exercise testing: summary article: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (Committee to Update the 1997 Exercise Testing Guidelines). Circulation. 2002;106(14):1883-1892. doi:10.1161/01.cir.0000034670.06526.15
Kowlgi, G. & Hsu, J. J. Exercise Physiology for the Sports Cardiology Fellow. 2021;1–11 (2021).
Series, I. Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing (CPET ). 2020:201.
Dean, A. dkk. ACSM’s Guideline Exercise Testing and Prescription 10th Edition. (Wolters Kluwer, 2016).
Weisman, I. M. dkk. American Thoracic Society / American College of Chest Physicians ATS / ACCP Statement on Cardiopulmonary. 2003:167:211–277.
Victor F. Froelicher, Jonathan Myers. Exercise and the Heart. Fifth Edition. (Pioli SF, ed.). Elsevier Inc; 2006.
Nichols S, Taylor C, Ingle L. A clinician's guide to cardiopulmonary exercise testing 2: test interpretation. Br J Hosp Med (Lond). 2015;76(5):281-289. doi:10.12968/hmed.2015.76.5.281.
Maron BA, Cockrill BA, Waxman AB, et al. The invasive cardiopulmonary exercise test. Circulation. 2013;127(10):1157-1164. doi:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.112.104463.
Koch B, Schäper C, Ittermann T, et al. Reference values for cardiopulmonary exercise testing in healthy volunteers: the SHIP study. Eur Respir J. 2009;33(2):389-397. doi:10.1183/09031936.00074208
Guazzi M, Arena R, Halle M, et al. 2016 Focused Update: Clinical Recommendations for Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing Data Assessment in Specific Patient Populations. Circulation. 2016;133(24):e694-e711. doi:10.1161/CIR.0000000000000406
Husain K, Ansari RA, Ferder L. Alcohol-induced hypertension: Mechanism and prevention. World J Cardiol. 2014;6(5):245-252. doi:10.4330/wjc.v6.i5.245
Corrà U, Mezzani A, Bosimini E, et al. Cardiopulmonary exercise testing and prognosis in chronic heart failure: a prognosticating algorithm for the individual patient. Chest. 2004;126(3):942-950. doi:10.1378/chest.126.3.942
Cohn JN, Johnson G, Ziesche S, et al. A comparison of enalapril with hydralazine-isosorbide dinitrate in the treatment of chronic congestive heart failure. N Engl J Med. 1991;325(5):303-310. doi:10.1056/NEJM199108013250502
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal the right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors can enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) before and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges and earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
How to Cite
