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Feb 25, 2025
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Abstract
Background: Pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) is a chronic inflammatory disease accompanied by changes in particular haematological parameters within the blood. The changes in the composition of blood cells can be potential biomarkers to assist tuberculosis diagnosis beside using clinical, microbiological, and radiological tools. Platelets play a vital part in chronic inflammation since they contain different sorts of mediators that are involved in lung damage which is reflected in the extent of lesions on radiological examination.
Aim: The research aims to compare the platelets level between minimal/moderate versus extensive lesions in the patient with TB.
Methods: The research was a retrospective, cross-sectional study of patients with pulmonary tuberculosis who were treated at Saiful Anwar Hospital from January 2022 to December 2023. The results of the research were analyzed using the Chi-Square method.
Results: Patients with extensive pulmonary TB lesions have platelet levels that tend to be high, in contrast to patients with minimal/moderate pulmonary TB lesions tend to have low platelet levels.
Conclusion: There was a significant relationship between platelet levels and the extent of pulmonary tuberculosis lesions.
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
How to Cite
Alimsjah, Y. A., Yueniwati, Y., & Nugroho, R. S. (2025). The Correlation of Platelet Levels with the Extent of the Lesion of Pulmonary Tuberculo¬sis from Chest X-Ray Photos. Jurnal Klinik Dan Riset Kesehatan, 4(2), 103-109. https://doi.org/10.11594/jk-risk.04.2.4
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11. Fatimah S, Soemarsono J. Changes in platelet count, mean platelet volume, platelet distri-bution width, and plateletcrit in pulmonary tuberculosis severity. Vol. 50, Folia Medica Indonesiana. 2014.
12. Kamoli L, Arief E, Benyamin A, Bakri S, Aman A, Kasim H, et al. Correlation between lesion extent on chest x-ray and positivity of sputum smear with platelet profile in new case pul¬monary tu¬berculosis patients. International Journal of Medical Reviews and Case Reports. 2019;(0):1.
13. Kahase D, Solomon A, Alemayehu M. Evalua-tion of peripheral blood parameters of pul-monary tu¬berculosis patients at St. Paul’s hospital millen¬nium medical college, addis ababa, Ethiopia: Comparative study. J Blood Med. 2020;11:115–21.
14. Rathod S, Samel DR, Kshirsagar P, Pokar M. Thrombocytosis: can it be used as a marker for tuberculosis? Int J Res Med Sci. 2017 Jun 24;5(7):3082.
15. Torres-Juarez F, Trejo-Martínez LA, Layseca-Espinosa E, Leon-Contreras JC, Enciso-Moreno JA, Hernandez-Pando R, et al. Plate-lets immune re¬sponse against Mycobacte-rium tuberculosis in¬fection. Microb Pathog. 2021 Apr 1;153:1–8.
16. Herrera MT, Guzmán-Beltrán S, Bobadilla K, San¬tos-Mendoza T, Flores-Valdez MA, Gutiér-rez-González LH, et al. Human Pulmonary Tuberculo¬sis: Understanding the Immune Re¬sponse in the Bronchoalveolar System. Vol. 12, Biomolecules. MDPI; 2022.
17. Ye L, Zhang YP, Yu N, Jia YX, Wan SJ, Wang FY. Serum platelet factor 4 is a reliable activity pa¬rameter in adult patients with inflamma¬tory bowel disease. Medicine (United States). 2017 Mar 1;96(11).
18. Scriba TJ, Coussens AK, Fletcher HA. Human Im¬munology of Tuberculosis. Jacobs Jr. WR, McShane H, Mizrahi V, Orme IM, editors. Mi-cro¬biol Spectr. 2017 24;5(1).
19. Cabral-Pacheco GA, Garza-Veloz I, Rosa CCD La, Ramirez-Acuña JM, Perez-Romero BA, Guerrero-Rodriguez JF, et al. The roles of ma-trix metallo¬proteinases and their inhibitors in human dis¬eases. Int J Mol Sci. 2020 2;21(24):1–53.
20. Ong CWM, Elkington PT, Friedland JS. Tuber¬culo¬sis, pulmonary cavitation, and matrix metallopro¬teinases. Vol. 190, American Jour¬nal of Respira¬tory and Critical Care Medicine. American Tho¬racic Society; 2014. p. 9–18.
21. Singh S, Kubler A, Singh UK, Singh A, Gardiner H, Prasad R, et al. Antimycobacterial drugs modu¬late immunopathogenic matrix metal¬loprotein-ases in a cellular model of pulmo¬nary tuberculo¬sis. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2014;58(8):4657–65.
22. Fol M, Druszczynska M, Wlodarczyk M, Ograczyk E, Rudnicka W. Immune response gene polymor¬phisms in tuberculosis. Vol. 62, Acta Biochimica Polonica. Polskie To-warzystwo Biochemiczne; 2015. p. 633–40.
23. Sabir N, Hussain T, Mangi MH, Zhao D, Zhou X. Matrix metalloproteinases: Expression, regula¬tion and role in the immunopathology of tuber¬culosis. Vol. 52, Cell Proliferation. Blackwell Pub¬lishing Ltd; 2019.
24. Brace PT, Tezera LB, Bielecka MK, Mellows T, Garay D, Tian S, et al. Mycobacterium tuber-culo¬sis subverts negative regulatory path-ways in human macrophages to drive im-munopathology. PLoS Pathog. 2017;13(6).
2. World Health Organization. Global Tubercu-lo¬sis Report 2022 [Internet]. 2022. Available from: http://apps.who.int/bookorders.
3. Goletti D, Lee MR, Wang JY, Walter N, Ot-tenhoff THM. Update on tuberculosis bi-omarkers: From correlates of risk, to corre-lates of active disease and of cure from dis-ease. Vol. 23, Respirology. Blackwell Pub-lishing; 2018. p. 455–66.
4. Kirwan DE, Chong DLW, Friedland JS. Platelet Activation and the Immune Response to Tu¬ber¬culosis. Vol. 12, Frontiers in Immunology. Fron¬tiers Media S.A.; 2021.
5. La Manna MP, Orlando V, Badami GD, Tam-burini B, Shekarkar Azgomi M, Lo Presti E, et al. Plate¬lets accumulate in lung lesions of tu-berculosis patients and inhibit T-cell re-sponses and Myco¬bacterium tuberculosis replication in macro¬phages. Eur J Immunol. 2022 May 1;52(5):784–99.
6. Gaertner F, Massberg S. Patrolling the vascu-lar borders: platelets in immunity to infection and cancer. Vol. 19, Nature Reviews Immu¬nology. Na¬ture Research; 2019. p. 747–60.
7. Fox KA, Kirwan DE, Whittington AM, Krish-nan N, Robertson BD, Gilman RH, et al. Plate-lets regulate pulmonary inflammation and tissue destruction in tuberculosis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2018 Jul 15;198(2):245–55.
8. Rossaint J, Margraf A, Zarbock A. Role of plate¬lets in leukocyte recruitment and resolu¬tion of in¬flammation. Vol. 9, Frontiers in Im¬munology. Frontiers Media S.A.; 2018.
9. Amin M, Fatima M, Arshad S. Risk Factors of Pul¬monary Tubercuosis and its Hematologi-cal Pa¬rameters. Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences. 2022 May 29;16(5):1117–9.
10. Akhigbe RO, Ugwu AC, Ogolodom MP, Ihua N, Maduka BU, Jayeoba BI. Evaluation of Chest Ra¬diographic Patterns and Its Relationship with Hematological Parameters in Patients with Pul¬monary Tuberculosis in Lagos Me¬tropolis, Nige¬ria. Health Science Journal. 2019;13(1).
11. Fatimah S, Soemarsono J. Changes in platelet count, mean platelet volume, platelet distri-bution width, and plateletcrit in pulmonary tuberculosis severity. Vol. 50, Folia Medica Indonesiana. 2014.
12. Kamoli L, Arief E, Benyamin A, Bakri S, Aman A, Kasim H, et al. Correlation between lesion extent on chest x-ray and positivity of sputum smear with platelet profile in new case pul¬monary tu¬berculosis patients. International Journal of Medical Reviews and Case Reports. 2019;(0):1.
13. Kahase D, Solomon A, Alemayehu M. Evalua-tion of peripheral blood parameters of pul-monary tu¬berculosis patients at St. Paul’s hospital millen¬nium medical college, addis ababa, Ethiopia: Comparative study. J Blood Med. 2020;11:115–21.
14. Rathod S, Samel DR, Kshirsagar P, Pokar M. Thrombocytosis: can it be used as a marker for tuberculosis? Int J Res Med Sci. 2017 Jun 24;5(7):3082.
15. Torres-Juarez F, Trejo-Martínez LA, Layseca-Espinosa E, Leon-Contreras JC, Enciso-Moreno JA, Hernandez-Pando R, et al. Plate-lets immune re¬sponse against Mycobacte-rium tuberculosis in¬fection. Microb Pathog. 2021 Apr 1;153:1–8.
16. Herrera MT, Guzmán-Beltrán S, Bobadilla K, San¬tos-Mendoza T, Flores-Valdez MA, Gutiér-rez-González LH, et al. Human Pulmonary Tuberculo¬sis: Understanding the Immune Re¬sponse in the Bronchoalveolar System. Vol. 12, Biomolecules. MDPI; 2022.
17. Ye L, Zhang YP, Yu N, Jia YX, Wan SJ, Wang FY. Serum platelet factor 4 is a reliable activity pa¬rameter in adult patients with inflamma¬tory bowel disease. Medicine (United States). 2017 Mar 1;96(11).
18. Scriba TJ, Coussens AK, Fletcher HA. Human Im¬munology of Tuberculosis. Jacobs Jr. WR, McShane H, Mizrahi V, Orme IM, editors. Mi-cro¬biol Spectr. 2017 24;5(1).
19. Cabral-Pacheco GA, Garza-Veloz I, Rosa CCD La, Ramirez-Acuña JM, Perez-Romero BA, Guerrero-Rodriguez JF, et al. The roles of ma-trix metallo¬proteinases and their inhibitors in human dis¬eases. Int J Mol Sci. 2020 2;21(24):1–53.
20. Ong CWM, Elkington PT, Friedland JS. Tuber¬culo¬sis, pulmonary cavitation, and matrix metallopro¬teinases. Vol. 190, American Jour¬nal of Respira¬tory and Critical Care Medicine. American Tho¬racic Society; 2014. p. 9–18.
21. Singh S, Kubler A, Singh UK, Singh A, Gardiner H, Prasad R, et al. Antimycobacterial drugs modu¬late immunopathogenic matrix metal¬loprotein-ases in a cellular model of pulmo¬nary tuberculo¬sis. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2014;58(8):4657–65.
22. Fol M, Druszczynska M, Wlodarczyk M, Ograczyk E, Rudnicka W. Immune response gene polymor¬phisms in tuberculosis. Vol. 62, Acta Biochimica Polonica. Polskie To-warzystwo Biochemiczne; 2015. p. 633–40.
23. Sabir N, Hussain T, Mangi MH, Zhao D, Zhou X. Matrix metalloproteinases: Expression, regula¬tion and role in the immunopathology of tuber¬culosis. Vol. 52, Cell Proliferation. Blackwell Pub¬lishing Ltd; 2019.
24. Brace PT, Tezera LB, Bielecka MK, Mellows T, Garay D, Tian S, et al. Mycobacterium tuber-culo¬sis subverts negative regulatory path-ways in human macrophages to drive im-munopathology. PLoS Pathog. 2017;13(6).