The Effect of Black Cumin (Nigella sativa) on Hypoxia-Inducible Factor (HIF-1), Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF), Hemoglobin (Hb), and Neutrophil-Lymphocyte Ratio (NLR) Levels in Lung Cancer Patients
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.11594/jk-risk.04.3.4Keywords:
Kanker paru, hypoxia-inducible factor, vascular endothelial growth factor, haemoglobin, neutrophil-lymphocyte ratioAbstract
Pendahuluan: Insidensi dan angka kematian akibat kanker paru terus meningkat, sebagian besar disebabkan oleh keterlambatan dalam proses diagnosis. Beberapa penanda yang berhubungan dengan perkembangan kanker paru meliputi faktor hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF-1), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), haemoglobin (HB) dan neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR).
Tujuan: Tujuan studi ini untuk menganalisis perbedaan kadar HIF-1, VEGF, HB dan NLR terhadap pemberian jintan hitam (Nigella sativa).
Metode: Penelitian kuantitatif dengan metode pre and post test control group dengan melibatkan 21 sampel yang terbagi menjadi kelompok perlakuan dan kontrol. Kriteria inklusi subjek berupa berusia >18 tahun, terdiagnosis kanker paru primer stadium IIB, IIIA, IIIB, IVA, dan IVB, serta bersedia mengikuti penelitian dan menandatangani informed consent. Kriteria eksklusi subjek adalah pasien kanker primer di luar organ paru dan terdapat kendala di dalam pengambilan data, yang menimbulkan data tidak lengkap. Semua subjek penelitian diberikan kemoterapi dan pada kelompok perlakuan ditambahkan kapsul jintan hitam 500 mg diberikan secara oral dua kali sehari selama sembilan minggu. HIF-1, VEGF, Hb dan NLR diukur sebelum dan setelah sembilan minngu pemberian kemoterapi. Dilakukan analisis uji-t berpasangan untuk menilai perbedaan HIF-1, VEGF, HB dan NLR antara sebelum dan setelah sembilan minggu pemberian kemoterapi.
Hasil: Terdapat perbedaan signifikan pada kadar HIF-1, VEGF, Hb dan NLR diantara kelompok kontrol dan perlakuan setelah 9 minggu dengan berturut-turut nilai p= 0,009; p=0,007; p=0,021 dan nilai p= 0,009.
Kesimpulan: Pemberian jintan hitam (Nigella sativa) bermanfaat dalam menurunkan kadar HIF-1, VEGF dan NLR dan meningkatkan kadar Hb pada pasien kanker paru
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